FDR Second Bill of Rights Speech Footage

January 11, 1944, in the midst of World War II, President Roosevelt spoke forcefully and eloquently about the greater meaning and higher purpose of American security in a post-war America. The principles and ideas conveyed by FDR's words matter as much now as they did over sixty years ago, and the Franklin D. Roosevelt American Heritage Center is proud to reprint a selection of FDR's vision for the security and economic liberty of the American people in war and peace.

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Queens-Midtown Tunnel Turns 70 After Opening in Depression Years By Philip Newman - YourNabe.com

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Sandhogs tighten a bolt in a tunnel-lining ring. Six cylindrical jacks on the back of a shield are visible behind the men. Courtesy by Michael Bobco/Courtesy MTA Bridges and Tunnels

The Queens-Midtown Tunnel, built during the Great Depression during the administrations of Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia and President Franklin D. Roosevelt, turned 70 Monday.

The tunnel took 20 years of lobbying and planning and four years of construction.

“From its inception, the Queens-Midtown Tunnel was a key link in the metropolitan region’s transportation network, providing a vital conduit for businesses, daily commuters and families exploring the cultural riches that exist from Manhattan to Queens and Long Island,” MTA Bridges and Tunnels President Jim Ferrara said.

The city Board of Estimate approved $2 million to design and build an East River tunnel, but it was put on hold when the stock market crashed in 1929.

LaGuardia in 1935 created the Queens-Midtown Tunnel Authority with the promise of $58 million in loans available under Roosevelt’s New Deal.

But LaGuardia told the new agency’s three members that “you are starting from scratch with no appropriation and nothing but an idea and a law.”

The groundbreaking for the tunnel took place Oct. 2, 1936, with the push of a button by Roosevelt. Over three years, the tunnel’s two tubes were dug using dynamite, drills and four circular cutting shields — each 31 feet in diameter.

After each forward shove of the cutting shields, sandhogs who were paid $11.50 a day assembled cast iron rings lining the tunnel. Work went ahead at 18 feet per week.

On Nov. 8, 1939, LaGuardia pulled a switch to blast the final 6 feet of rock in the tunnel.

A year and a week later, Roosevelt was the first person to drive through the new tunnel.

The new tunnel cost motorists 25 cents and in its first full year of operation 4.4 million vehicles used it, while in 2009 it served 27.7 million motorists.